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俗語有云「生不入官門」,但如果真的被警察拘捕了,警察要依照甚麼程序辦事,被捕的人又有甚麼權利和義務呢?這一節「長者法網智多聲」,就跟大家簡單的介紹一下。

大家可能知道,警察有權截停形跡可疑的人,檢查他們的身份證和問話,甚至是搜身,也知道外出時不攜帶身份證是犯法的,但大家又知不知道,警察向您發問,您可以選擇不回答的呢?因為法例訂明,所有人都有權不會被迫作出對自己不利的證供、或被迫認罪,這就是大家不時聽到的「緘默權」了。另外,如果警察要搜身,都只可以搜相同性別的人,即是說,「阿sir」只可以向男性搜身,女性就由「madam」搜身。

如果警察要拘捕一個人,也有一定程序的。首先,他要告訴這個人因甚麼事被捕。第二,警察必須要講出警誡詞,讓被捕的人知道自己有權保持緘默。警誡詞就是大家看電視時,經常聽到的這句對白了:「唔係事必要您講,除非您想講,但您所講的一切都會記錄下來,並可能成為呈堂證供。」第三,警察必須帶被捕的人到最就近的警署。這些都是被捕人士的權利。

到達警署之後,被捕的人應該可以在會面室的當眼位置,看到「羈留人士通知書」,上面列明被扣留人士的權利。根據通知書,被捕的人有權提出某些要求,例如要求警察讓他們通知親屬或朋友自己被扣留、索取律師名單、申請保釋、要求有食水和足夠食物或茶點,甚至是醫療協助等。如果情況許可,被捕的人還可以要求跟法律顧問私下溝通、以及與警方會面時,要有律師或大律師在場等。

那麼錄取口供時,又是否可以不回答問題呢?答案是可以的。跟查問一樣,警方在錄取口供之前,都要講警誡詞,讓被扣留的人知道自己有緘默權。至於回答了的,就會一字一句寫下來,成為會面紀錄或問話紀錄,即一般人所講的警誡供詞。

至於經常聽到的扣留48小時,又是甚麼來的?是這樣的,警察拘捕一個人之後,應該盡快將他帶到裁判法院提堂,一般來說是在48個小時之內。除非罪行嚴重或有其他充分理由,否則警方應該讓疑犯保釋。如果警方想延長扣留時間,就要向法院申請,被拘留的人也有權反對和申請保釋。

一般來說,如果警察是依法行動,市民應該合作,否則就可能是阻差辦公,是犯法的。但如果您覺得警察的行為不恰當,可以向投訴警察課投訴,詳情可以參考長者社區法網文字版。這一節就說到這裡,多謝大家收聽

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Detention of arrested persons

Arresting procedure, my rights and obligations

In general, the rights of a person under detention are set out in a document called “Notice to Persons in Custody”. This document should be prominently displayed inside any interview room of a police station. The police should also explain to the detained person the basic contents of this document before the interview, and should give a copy to the detained person. The detained person’s rights include:

  • Requesting that the detained person’s relatives or a friend be informed of the detention;
  • Asking for a list of solicitors;
  • Asking to be released on bail;
  • Being provided with drinking water upon request, adequate food and refreshment free of charge, as well as medical care if necessary;

Provided that there is no unreasonable delay or hindrance will likely be caused to the processes of investigation or the administration of justice, the following additional rights are available to a detained person:

  • Communicating and consulting with a legal adviser in private;
  • Communicate privately or refuse to communicate with a solicitor or barrister claiming to have been instructed by a third person on your behalf;
  • Make telephone calls or email or faxes to friends or relatives;
  • Have a solicitor or barrister present during any interview with the police;
  • Be provided with a supply of writing materials;
  • Request to have letters posted or delivered as soon as practicable at the detainee’s expense;
  • Be supplied with a copy of cautioned statements or questions and answers under caution as soon as practicable after the interview, if not the detainee can refuse to answer subsequent questions;
  • Request to be provided with food/refreshment at the detainee’s own expense.